The End of Poverty

Leadership Styles Case Study Essays

Leadership Styles Case Study Essays Leadership Styles Case Study Essay Leadership Styles Case Study Essay Leadership Styles Case Study The type of leadership practiced at the NCF was, transactional leadership. â€Å"In Transactional leaders are focused on creating a bargain for individual interests who eventually go their separate ways, rather than the mutual effort of people who are interested in collective interests and have a common purpose† (Manning, 2003, p. 50). The leader at the NCF engages the employees to comply with the values regarding dual relationship by bargaining with them using something they value. The leader at NCF states that dual relationships could be grounds for employee termination thus bargaining with them to comply using their job as the valued thing with the employees. The type of leadership practiced at the SSS was, transformational leadership. â€Å"Transformational leadership focuses on engaging people through relationship; leaders and constituents, through the pursuit of goals, raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. This engagement is directed toward achieving a particular end or purpose, but the process of working toward the purpose also has the potential to achieve individual ends as well† (Manning, 2003, p. 52). The leader at the SSS holds at meeting to discuss organization’s role and purpose in the community, and what he learned at the conference. The leader at the SSS then engages the employees by asking for their input and participation in overcoming obstacles. The leadership style I would recommend for a human service organization is the transformational leadership style. â€Å"The values relevant to transformation are what Burns (1978) refers to as â€Å"end-values. † They include liberty, justice, equality, peace, and humanitarianism. These values appeal to a collective purpose: the common good;† which relates more closely the values of today’s human service organizations. References Manning, S. S. (2003). Ethical leadership in human services. Boston: Allyn and Bacon

Nursing scope of practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing scope of practice - Assignment Example First, it will be necessary to collect all the information concerning the procedure, its origin and how it has been used. This will guide the decision as to whether the practice is evidence-based and applicable in our situation (Schluter, Seaton, & Chaboyer, 2011). Next, we will compare the outcomes of the procedure with those of existing alternatives and decide if the new procedure adds to the quality of nursing care. Ideally, any procedure should be in line with the ethical requirements of the profession. Therefore, the investigation should look into how the new procedure aligns with the ethical values of respect to patients’ rights, non-maleficence, benevolence, fidelity, and others. Further, the investigation should look into how the practice contributes to the body of knowledge of the nursing profession and how the practice is applicable in the current situation. This will lead to a decision whether to introduce a procedure to the hospital. Once a decision is made, it will be necessary to plan for educative forums to discuss the need for change. In these forums, a comparison of the current and the proposed will be done, and advantages of the new over the current brought forward. The process will them move to the last phase which will involve pilot testing the procedure on a single ward and actively comparing the outcome. This will be done by all professional in the hospital and will lead to the ultimate adoption of the procedure. Schluter, J., Seaton, P., & Chaboyer, W. (2011). Understanding nursing scope of practice: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48, 1211–1222.

Summarize document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize document - Essay Example Intuition has nothing to do with random guessing, it is a subconscious process of appealing to a person’s experience of solving specific problems. This article has changed my understanding of intuition as a process as well as its role in making strategies. I have learned that to achieve the highest results intuition and rational thinking should be combined. Moreover, the strategies may vary depending on the circumstances. â€Å"Intuitive synthesis is more appropriate for strategic †¦ decisions †¦ and is more effective in an unstable environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Khatri and Alvin Ng 2000, p 62). In addition to this, the article has taught me that all decisions contain a bit of intuition, regardless of how accurate and reliable the facts are. Even while using analytical method, managers deal with future which no one can predict. It is impossible to measure the unknown and as a result, every decision is partially intuitive. (Goldberg 1990, p. 73). To sum up, intuition is indeed a quick rational process as it is based on knowledge and experience, even though it is subconscious. However, I do not think that it should be widely used on practice. Intuitive synthesis has different results according to the field it is applied in. And because it is based mostly on precedents, it may not always be trustworthy as people’s experience may vary. Only those employees who have a clear understanding of a problem may use this method. I believe further researches on intuition and the ways of its development should be done to improve the process of strategic decision

The National School Lunch Program Essay Example for Free

The National School Lunch Program Essay The provision of school meals in America began, as it did in many other lands in a rather sporadic way. According to the web site about the history of the School Lunch Program, in New York The Children’s Aid Society started a program in 1853, but it wasn’t until Robert Hunter’s book ‘Poverty’ was published in 1904 that other areas really took up the challenge. Hunter felt that it was no good having a law that compelled children to go to school if they were so hungry that they couldn’t concentrate or gain much benefit. In Philadelphia the Starr Association had begun serving penny dinners in 1894 and in 1908 programs were begun in Boston by the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union. The children ate their dinners at their desks, there being at that time no school food halls. By the end of the 1910 school year 2,000 pupils were being served. Ellen H. Richards wrote in the Journal of Home Economics for December 1910, The teachers are unanimous in the belief that the luncheons are   helping the children both physically and mentally. They are more   attentive and interested in the lessons during the last hour of the morning and the result in their recitations gives the proof. The National School Lunch Program started in 1946 under the National School Lunch Act signed by the then president Harry S. Truman, though school meals had been provided for many years before that through foods and subsidies from the United States Department of Agriculture. The reasoning behind the act was not just nutrition, but national security. This was because when America entered World War II it found that many recruits were of poor physical condition, especially those who had grown up in poor families during the depression years of the 30’s. As soon as that war finished America began to think about the next wave of conscription as it expected to have to fight communism in the near future. It was mainly under the auspices of General George C. Marshall, a member of the cabinet. According to the statute book its aims were as follows:- It is hereby declared to Congress, as a measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation’s children and to encourage domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities and other food, by assisting the States, through grants-in-aid and other means, in providing an adequate supply of foods and other facilities for the establishment, maintenance, operation, and expansion of nonprofit school lunch programs. The federally assisted program now operates in 100,000 both public and private schools. 7.1 million children benefited in the first year and the program now provides lunches to 29 million school children each day. The cost in 1947 was $70 million, but by 2005 it was $7.9 billion – a huge investment in the future health of the nation. The aim is that meals are free or at a low cost and that they are nutritionally balanced. In 1998 the program was expanded to include young people up to the age of 18 and also to include snacks served to children at after school educational and enrichment programs. At state level it is usually under the state education authorities who operate through agreements with the school food authorities. Usually it is high schools, both public and non-profit making private ones, who participate as well as private residential child care facilities who take part in the program. I t works by giving both cash and commodities to the institutions involved, the latter, known as ‘entitlement foods’ coming from the U.S. Department of Agriculture at a value of 16.75 cents for each meal served. They may also be given extra food from surplus stocks. In return the schools must meet federal standards in the food that they serve and offer these freely or at a reduced price to eligible children. Other support is available through the USDA’s Team Nutrition who provide nutritional and technical help and also provide nutritional education for pupils. The schools may decide for themselves which foods are served, but must comply with Federal nutritional guidelines which state that no more than 30% of calories should come from fat and less than 10% from saturated fat. They should also provide at least one third of the recommended needs for protein, vitamins, iron, calcium and calories. The meals are available to all children at schools which take part in the program. Those with incomes of less than $26,000 for a family of 4 i.e.130% of the poverty level get their meals free. Those with incomes between this and $37,000 i.e.185 % of the poverty level, get their meals at the subsidised price of no more than 40 cents. These figures are valid until June 30th, 2007. Other children pay more, but the school meal services must be run on a non-profit basis. When it comes to after school snacks if more than half the children in an area are eligible for free or reduced price school meals, then snacks may be free too. Reimbursements to the schools vary a little. Those in Alaska and Hawaii receive more, as do schools with a very high percentage of poorer pupils. There are links with local producers who can provide fresh food such as salad vegetables and fruit. The USDA works with the Department of Defence to provide food purchased through the Department of Defence. The supplies are monitored for fat content and their safety. Programs such as this provide children with the possibility of at least one nutritionally balanced meal a day. This may be prepared in a central kitchen, either r private or belonging to the educational authorities and distributed to schools. Other schools have their own kitchens. What the program can’t do is ensure that the meals are eaten rather than some fast food bought in or bough tin school from vending machines.. they also cannot ensure that the rest of a child’s nutrition is balanced or indeed that he gets enough other food. They educate children about nutrition, but children are not usually the food buyers or cooks at home. It may be, especially in the case of minorities and new arrivals, that the children find school meals unpalatable simply because they are different to what they get at home. Vending machines are in schools which provide other foods at extra cost which are not necessarily nutritionally so good such as chips and soda. There will always be children who prefer these. It would be a dictator who insisted that every one ate the same food, but do these poorer foods have to be so freely available? However many schools raise much needed funds in this way, though child obesity it must be said is a growing concern. For many children their school lunch is the main meal of the day. It is easy to give in to the demands for fast foods, even when those doing so know that they are ultimately harmful. Schools can either use a Nutrient Standard or the older food Group system when choosing the foods they provide. The Nutrient Standard is more accurate in providing a balanced diet, but most schools still prefer the older system. Choice USA recommends that parents regularly review the food that their children are receiving and discuss their choices with them. The child Nutrition Act of 1966 followed on from the National School Lunch Act. Under this act free or low breakfasts could also be provided. This had been initiated by the Black Panther Party earlier. President Johnson said when he gave his signature to the act ‘Good nutrition is essential to good learning.’ There had also been a Special Milk Program which began in 1954. The United States tries to care for all its citizens and so there is also a Child and Adult Care Food Program for both children and elderly and mentally or physically impaired adults in non-residential centers, and the Food Stamp program which began in 1953, so there has been a move away from just ensuring that those called to military service are fit to serve. All this from such small beginnings in one New York school. Electronic Sources Child Nutrition Act found 30th May 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act Choice USA found 30th May 2007 at http://www.choiceusa.net/Parents_NSLP.html The history of school meal programs found 30th May 2007 at http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/AboutLunch/ProgramHistory_2.htm National School Lunch Program found 30th May 2007 at http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/AboutLunch/NSLPFactSheet.pdf School Nutrition found 30th May 2007 at http://www.schoolnutrition.org/uploadedFiles/ASFSA/childnutrition/govtaffairs/nsla.pdf

SHARKS :: essays research papers

Out of all the species walking, flying, slithering or swimming, there aren't many who have been around as long, survived as well, or come in so many shapes and kinds as the shark. The earliest evidences of sharks are isolated spines, teeth and scales that appeared about 430 million years ago in the Silurian Period, known as the "Age of Fishes". Sharks have a sleek, streamlined design which helps them swim without using up a lot of energy.They certainly need to conserve their energy because they never really sleep and most of them never stop swimming. Some sharks are fierce predators, and would be happy to eat you if they encountered you. Almost any shark six feet or longer is a potential danger, but three species have been identified repeatedly in attacks: the Great White Shark, the Tiger Shark and the Bull Shark . All three live world wide, reach large sizes and eat large prey such as marine mammals or sea turtles. But most sharks never grow longer than five feet and never even see anyone with legs and arms anyway. People kill thousands more sharks every year than sharks kill people. Sharks take about as long to mature as we do. Some of them become adults in their teens. A mother shark carries her babies inside her body while they develop, sometimes for more than a year. Even so, some sharks are born inside an egg which they have to crack open. They spend early portions of their lives in nursery grounds. Some of the advantages sharks have over people is that they keep growing new teeth, they don't have breakable bones, and they are not prone to get cancer. Sometimes sharks are referred to as swimming computers because of the six senses which they possess: vision, hearing, vibration, smell, taste and electro-perception. Sharks come in many shapes, sizes, and colors. They have different personalities, and they live in oceans all over the world. Not much you can say about sharks is true for all of them, but there are a few things you can say about the anatomy of most sharks. They breathe through gill slits, have rigid fins and they don't have a bladder. The Whale Shark is the biggest creature in the ocean, about eleven times taller than your Mom or Dad, and weighing in at about 2,000 pounds. A Whale Shark wouldn't be too interested in eating you, but you could offer him about half a ton of teeny fish, crustaceans and little drifting invertebrates and he would be very happy.

Controversial Issue in the It Field Essay

The problem is that people don’t really know or think there is a difference between network administrator and system administrator. Just because they have administrator in the name does not mean they do the same thing. When u go to school u have to pick one or the other because one degree is not going to get u a job in both fields. Network Administrator: A member of a staff or group of a staff who have the responsibility for the smooth functioning of a large network. They carry out a number of functions: defining and enforcing security policies, specifying routing policies, accounting for system resources on the network and ensuring that they are efficiently used, responding to hardware and systems errors, and administering any connections to external networks such as the Internet. Sometimes the termSystem Administrator is used to describe a network administrator although this may be someone who administers a small network where many of the network functions tend to be trivial. Skills needed to become a systems administrator: The subject matter of systems administration includes computer systems and the ways people use them in an organization. This entails knowledge of operating systems and applications, as well as hardware and software troubleshooting, but also knowledge of the purposes for which people in the organization use the computers. However, perhaps the most important skill to a system administrator is problem solving frequently under various sorts of constraints and stress. The sysadmin is on call when a computer system goes down or malfunctions, and must be able to quickly and correctly diagnose what is wrong and how best to fix it. System administrators are not software engineers or developers. It is not usually within their duties to design or write new applications software. However, sysadmins must understand the behavior of software in order to deploy it and to troubleshoot problems, and generally know several programming languages used for scripting or automation of routine tasks. Particularly when dealing with Internet-facing or business-critical systems, a sysadmin must have a strong grasp of computer security. This includes not merely deploying software patches, but also preventing break-ins and other security problems with preventive measures. In some organizations, computer security administration is a separate role responsible for overall security and the upkeep of firewalls and intrusion detection systems, but all sysadmins are generally responsible for the security of the systems in their keep Analyzing systems logs and identifying potential issues with computer systems. Introducing and integrating new technologies into existing data centers environments. Performing routine audits of systems and software. Performing regular backups of computers and servers. Applying the operating system updates, patches, and configuration changes. Installing and configuring new hardware and software. Adding, removing, or updating user accounts information, resetting user Passwords, etc. Answering technical queries. Responsibility for security of the information traveling on the netwoek. Responsibility for documenting the configuration of the system. Troubleshooting any reported problems. System performance evaluations. Ensuring that the network infrastructure is up and running. In larger organizations, some tasks listed above may be divided among different system administrators or members of different organizational groups. For example, a dedicated individual(s) may apply all system upgrades, a Quality Assurance (QA) team may perform testing and validation, and one or more technical writers may be responsible for all technical documentation written for a company. In smaller organizations, IT/computing specialties are less often discerned in detail, and the term system administrator is used in a rather generic way they are the people who know how the computer systems work and can respond when something fails.